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This week, two
similar hand-cut "Lozenge" coins, minted at two different British
castles that were besieged during the
English Civil War
by Oliver Cromwell's "Roundheads" supporters.
WJC-9261: 1646 Charles 1st NEWARK
Besieged Hammered Silver Shilling. Emergency coinage whilst
supporters and troops of Charles 1st were besieged in Newark in
1646. The desirable later year of 1646 with Newark spelt correctly. S.R.3143. 1646
was within the third siege of Newark during the Civil
War. It was the actual town of Newark that was
besieged, not just the castle, although then and now, the castle lies in the
heart of the town. On 26
November 1645, Scottish and Parliamentarian troops launched a twin
attack on Newark. The Scots
besieged Newark from the north;
Parliamentarian forces besieged from the south. The garrison refused to
capitulate and aggressively defended the town. During the harsh winter, the
Scots built up siege works which were manned by 16,000 men. They also tried to
dam the River Deven (a tributary of the
famous River Trent which literally laps up the side of the present day castle
walls) to starve the town’s grain mills power. Despite this sustained
attack, Newark held
out. Townspeople who survived later recounted that they were forced
to eat horses and dogs because food was so scarce. The town was blighted by the
plague. These silver Newark siege pieces -
sixpences, shillings, ninepences and
halfcrowns - were emergency money; literally cut from the silver pate at Newark Castle and then stamped
with the dies. Circular coins would have been difficult to hand cut,
hence the diamond shape. Examples with original underlying designs /
gold gilding from the silver plates have been recorded. The town
only surrendered at the order of Charles 1st, who was himself forced to order
the surrender as part of the conditions for his own capitulation. Newark finally surrendered
on 8 May 1646, thus this later date
coin was clearly only struck for four months. It is interesting to
note that soldiers from the Newark garrison fought
at the famous battle of Marston Moor (2 July 1644). Remarkably well centred for this
issue, both obverse and reverse (this was a rushed, emergency issue which
resulted in the majority of coins being regularly off-struck) with an
interesting "wobble" on both the obverse right diagonals where the
person in charge of cutting up the silver plate presumably utilised a vaguely
straight edge to save himself at least one cut and then for whatever reason,
had to cut very slowly on the adjacent diagonal. The Brooker
collection contained only one example dated 1646 - a smaller but thicker flan, pierced
& plugged. Newark siege pieces are
increasingly rare and as collectors will be aware, when they do turn up, the
vast majority are pierced (siege pieces were often kept as touch-pieces to be
worn around the necks of loyal supporters), damaged, worn, etc. A rare coin.
£2,245
Provenance:
ex Tim Owen
Old unidentified
ticket
WJC-9262: 1648 Charles 1st
PONTEFRACT Besieged Hammered Silver Shilling. Emergency coinage
whilst supporters and troops of Charles 1st were besieged in Pontefract. Struck between June 1648
and March 1649 before the king was executed by beheading on 30 January 1649
outside the Banqueting House in Whitehall, London. The mark of value divides PC on the
reverse. S.R.3149. Oliver Cromwell led the final siege of Pontefract Castle in November 1648. Pontefract's garrison came to an agreement
resulting in Colonel Morrice handing over the castle
to Major General John Lambert on 24 March 1649. Following requests from the
townspeople, the grand jury at York, and Major General Lambert, on 27 March
Parliament gave orders that Pontefract Castle should be "totally
demolished & levelled to the ground" with materials from the castle to
be sold off. The
Brooker collection contained two examples of this issue, one of each type -
large obverse CR and small obverse CR, the latter being 4.97g and emanating
from the same dies as this coin (a superior 5.34g). Generally, this issue is the more desirable
as it was struck before the king's execution but when you do find examples (and
you do tend to see more octagonal types), they're problematic in terms of being
pierced (siege pieces were often kept as touch-pieces to be worn around the
necks of loyal supporters during the following austere Commonwealth years),
damaged, worn or off-struck. This
example is much above average for issue, having an excellent reverse castle,
and is comparable with the Brooker example.
Nice provenance - a 1978 original Seaby
ticket. A very rare
coin indeed from one of the most interesting periods in the entirety of British
history.
£4,995
Provenance:
ex Seaby ticket, 1978